Inqubo yokukhiqiza amagilavu e-nitrile ane-halogen ephansi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kuneyamagilavu e-nitrile ajwayelekile, okubonakala kakhulu ekulawuleni okuqukethwe kwe-halogen, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo yokukhiqiza. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa kobunzima benqubo, izixhumanisi ezibalulekile kanye nezinselele zobuchwepheshe:
I. Ubunzima benqubo yokukhiqiza
1. Ukukhetha okuqinile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa
- Ukutholwa kwe-latex yerabha ye-nitrile butadiene ene-halogen ephansi:
I-latex yerabha ye-nitrile butadiene evamile ingasebenzisa ama-initiator aqukethe i-halogen, ama-emulsifier noma ama-catalyst (njengamakhemikhali aqukethe i-chlorine) ngesikhathi se-polymerization, kanti inqubo ye-halogen ephansi idinga ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuqala lwe-halogen-free/low-halogen (njenge-peroxodisulphate esikhundleni se-initiator equkethe i-chlorine) noma ukususa i-halogen esele ngenqubo yokuhlanza kamuva.
Imikhawulo yama-ejenti afanayo:
Izinto ezibangela i-sulfurizing, izisheshisi, ama-antioxidants nezinye izithasiselo kudingeka zigweme izinto eziqukethe i-halogen (ezifana nezithiya zomlilo eziqukethe i-bromine, izisheshisi ze-vulcanization eziqukethe i-chlorine), futhi kudingeka zisebenzise izithasiselo ezinobungani nemvelo (ezifana nezinhlelo ze-vulcanization ezingenayo i-halogen, izinto ezihlanganisa i-silane, njll.), ezibiza kakhulu futhi ezinzima kakhulu ukuhambisana nokusebenza kwezithasiselo. 2.
2. Ukulawulwa kwe-halogen enqubweni yokukhiqiza
-Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ye-polymerization:
Ukusabela kwe-NBR polymerization (njengokwenziwa kwe-emulsion polymerization) kudinga ukulawula ngokunembile izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nesikhathi sokusabela, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo engaphansi (njenge-halogenated hydrocarbons). Izinqubo ze-halogen eziphansi zingadinga izikhathi zokusabela ezengeziwe noma i-polymerization ehlukanisiwe, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nobunzima benqubo.
Ukuhlanza nokuhlanza:
Ngemva kokwenziwa i-polymerization, i-latex idinga ukugezwa ngamanzi anezigaba eziningi, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifugal kanye nezinye izinqubo zokususa ama-monomers asele ane-halogen kanye nezithasiselo, amagilavu avamile angadinga izikhathi ezingu-1-2 kuphela ukuze agezwe, kuyilapho amagilavu ane-halogen ephansi edinga izikhathi ezingu-3-5 noma ngaphezulu, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza okuphansi kanye nokwanda kwezindleko zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka.
Izici ezikhethekile zenqubo yokomisa:
Inqubo yokomisa idinga ukugwema ukuwohloka kwezinto ezisetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-halogen compounds, kungadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe bokomisa obusezingeni eliphansi noma bokomisa nge-vacuum ukuze kwandiswe umjikelezo wokukhiqiza.
3. Umkhawulo ophezulu wokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi
- Ukuhlolwa okunembile kokuqukethwe kwe-halogen:
Imishini yokuhlola enembile kakhulu (isb. i-ion chromatograph, i-X-ray fluorescence spectrometer) iyadingeka ukuze kuhlaziywe ngobuningi okuqukethwe yi-Cl kanye ne-Br kweqoqo ngalinye lomkhiqizo (umkhawulo wokuthola udinga ukuba sezingeni le-ppm), kuyilapho amagilavu avamile angahlolwa kuphela ngezakhiwo zawo zomzimba (isb. amandla okudonsa kanye nobude lapho kudabuka).
Ibhalansi yokusebenza enezinhlangothi eziningi:
Ukwelashwa nge-halogen ephansi kungathinta izakhiwo zemishini zamagilavu (isb., ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nokubhoboza), futhi kuyadingeka ukulungisa ifomula (isb., ukwengeza ama-plasticizer akhethekile, ama-reinforcement agents) ukuze kulinganiswe i-halogen ephansi, amandla aphezulu, kanye nenduduzo, okubandakanya inani elikhulu lokuhlola kanye nokwenza ngcono amapharamitha.
Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zenqubo yokukhiqiza
Thatha ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwamagilavu e-nitrile butadiene aphansi ane-halogen ngendlela ye-leaching njengesibonelo, inqubo nobunzima yilezi ezilandelayo:
1. Ukulungiswa kwe-Latex
-Ukulungiswa kwe-latex engena-halogen ephansi:
Khetha i-latex yerabha ye-nitrile butadiene ene-halogen ephansi (i-halogen ≤ 150ppm), engeza i-agent ye-vulcanizing engeyona i-halogenated (isb. i-zinc oxide + uhlelo oluphuzi lwe-sulfur), ama-accelerator angenayo i-halogenated (isb. ama-hyposulfonamides), ama-antioxidant (isb. ama-phenyl naphthyl amines), hlanganisa kahle bese uhlunga ukuze ususe ukungcola.
-Ubunzima: ukuhlakazeka okungalingani kwezithasiselo kungaholela ekuvuvukeni okungaphelele noma ekushintsheni kokusebenza, kudingeka imishini yokuhlanganisa esezingeni eliphezulu.
2. Ukwelashwa kwesikhunta
-Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokumboza:
Izikhunta kudingeka zicwiliswe futhi zifakwe i-agent yokukhulula engafakwanga i-halogenated (isb. isitashi noma isixazululo se-cellulose) kuqala ukuze kugwenywe ukunamathela ngesikhathi sokukhululwa kwamagilavu, amagilavu avamile angasebenzisa i-agent yokukhulula efakwe i-halogenated (isb. i-paraffin ene-chlorine).
3. Ukucwilisa amagilavu kanye nokuqinisa
-Ukucwilisa ngezingxenye:
Okokuqala ukucwilisa nokusebenzisa i-primer (ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela), bese ucwilisa i-latex ukwakha umzimba wegilavu, ingxenye yenqubo idinga ukucwilisa izikhathi eziningana ukuze kwandiswe ukujiya, bese komiswa ngemva kokucwilisa ngakunye (izinga lokushisa ≤80℃, ukugwema ukusabela kwe-halogenation).
Inqubo yokuvuselela:
Izinga lokushisa le-nitrile gloves vulcanization lendabuko licishe libe ngu-120-150℃, kuyilapho inqubo ye-halogen ephansi ingadinga izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye ne-vulcanization yesikhathi eside (isb. 100℃ × imizuzu engama-60) ukunciphisa ukubola kwezithasiselo ukukhiqiza ama-halogen compounds ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
4. Ukuwasha nokomisa
-Ukugeza ngezigaba eziningi:
Ngemva kokuhlanza amagilavu, kudingeka agezwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-3 ukuze kususwe izinto ezisizayo ezisele kanye nama-halogen compounds ancibilikayo, futhi kudingeka ukususwa kwamanzi nge-centrifugal ngemva kokuhlanza ngakunye.
Ukomisa:
sebenzisa ukomisa ngokujikeleza komoya oshisayo (izinga lokushisa ≤ 90 ℃) noma ukomisa nge-vacuum ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe komswakama kungaphansi kwe-1%, ukuze ugweme ukufuduka kwama-ion e-halogen endaweni enomswakama.
5. Ukuhlolwa nokupakisha
-Ukuhlolwa kwe-Halogen:
Ukusampula okungahleliwe kweqoqo ngalinye ukuhlola okuqukethwe yi-Cl-, Br- (uma kusetshenziswa i-ion chromatography, imikhawulo ivame ukuba yi-Cl ≤ 900 ppm, Br ≤ 900 ppm, kanye nama-halogen aphelele ≤ 1500 ppm).
-Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza:
Amandla okunamathela (≥14MPa), ukunwebeka lapho kudabuka (≥600%), ukumelana nokubhoboza (≥10N) kanye nezinye izinkomba kufanele kuhambisane ne-ASTM D6319 kanye nezinye izindinganiso.
III. Izinselele Zobuchwepheshe kanye Nesimo Semboni
1. Ibhalansi phakathi kwezindleko nokusebenza kahle
Ngenxa yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibizayo kanye nenqubo ende, izindleko zokukhiqiza zenqubo ye-halogen ephansi ziphakeme ngo-20%-30% kunezigilavu ezivamile ze-nitrile, futhi amandla okukhiqiza ancishiswa cishe ngo-15% (isb. isikhathi eside sokuwasha nokomisa).
2. Ingozi yokuwohloka kokusebenza
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-vulcanization kwezinye izithasiselo ezine-halogen ephansi kuphansi kunokwezithasiselo zendabuko eziqukethe i-halogen, okungaholela ekunciphiseni ukumelana nokuguga kwamagilavu, futhi kudinga ukukhokhelwa ngama-nano-fillers (isb., i-silica) noma ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa obuhlanganisiwe.
3. Umkhankaso wemithethonqubo yezemvelo
Ukuvinjelwa kwe-EU Kokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezithile Eziyingozi Ku-Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (RoHS), i-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) kanye nezinye izindinganiso ukusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile kwezinto ezine-halogen ephansi ensimini ye-elekthronikhi ukukhuthaza inqubo yokuthuthukisa.
4. Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu embonini
Njengamanje, amagilavu e-nitrile asezingeni eliphansi emhlabeni wonke akhiqizwa kakhulu yi-Top Glove yaseMalaysia, i-Ansell yase-United States kanye nezinye izinkampani ezinkulu. Amabhizinisi asekhaya njenge-Lanshan Medical kanye ne-Ingenics Medical aqala kancane kancane ukugqashula ezithiyweni zobuchwepheshe ezisezingeni eliphansi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-27-2025